Sunday, October 13, 2024

Reflection on Edu 776

 Technology is the Necessary Evil

There is a place for technology.  It is cool.  It is exciting.  I look forward to hearing what will be the next advancement.  Rahjou et al, 2024, stated that there are 6 key roles for School Libraries and their Librarians to make school a success:  1) accessibility of content and tools, 2) Information consultation and reference services, 3) Teaching information and media literacy, 4) Professional Development for Teachers, 5) Teacher collaboration and communication, and 6) Integration of new technologies.  Technology creates more opportunities to deepen student engagement with the library through more and more contacts with the School Librarian (Rahjou et al, 2024).  Technology, from my perspective, in education, is convenience.  In my work space technology has been used to provide fun, educational games or group activities for students to collaborate together or have friendly competition in a Kahoot! quiz.  In my library space, at the circulation desk, I have instituted a 'Question of the Day'.  Students are allowed to come into the library before school, after school and in between periods as long as Library Lady does not have a class in session for that hour.  The students ask for the 'Question of the Day' and if they answer correctly, they choose one piece of candy from the candy jar.  If the kids do not know the answer off the top of their head, I do allow them to search it in their chrome books.  If the question is difficult and I expect that they will be using their chrome book as a resource, I try to have them search for the answer using a different source other than Google.  Although, anytime a student answers a question correctly without referring to their chrome book, I get very excited and always surprised at how smart these kids really are, especially if it is not a well known question and answer.  There is a place for technology.  Did anything change for me after this class?

                                                                      Cited Image:  Giphy

The Glass Case of Emotion.  Will Ferrell's acting out in frustration mirrors how every assignment has been for me throughout the course.  I got through it, cried about it, whined about it, and finally took a big sigh after completed assignments were downloaded onto the assignment tracker.  My issue with technology is that if I need to add an image or video or infographic or create a hyperlink, or if I wanted to add audio or use the camera, (once I tried to download a pod cast, I still cannot figure that one out), nothing seemed to upload or download as it is supposed to or as the instructions say that it should.  Add in the amount of time wasted after trying to add failed images, etc., it became a nightmare with heart palpitations at about 180/sec.  Why did I choose this class for my elective?  Because I participate limitedly with technology in my personal and professional life, I figured it would be a great class to expose me to different mediums in technology, especially for the future in this increasingly techie world and as a School Librarian, I better be familiar with what technology can do for students, educators, parents, and staff as my view of Librarians is to be the hub of this knowledge for resources.


                                                                  Cited Image:  Giphy


The above Giphy is where I will be after the last assignment submitted or until grades come out or both.  Any reason for ice cream.  There is an upside, I am more knowledgeable when it comes to  copyrighting images, videos, documents within text and in annotated citations.  Creating and wording hyperlinks within a document has become a part of what I try to always include for further information or explaining a perspective.  Blogging, creating an infographic, listening to podcasts, creating content curation lists, creating a word cloud, building a website or starting a portfolio, were all new for me.  It provided me a start, it was a complicated start, but a start with and without breakthroughs of triumph and success.  

                                                                        Cited Image:  Giphy

Tools that I found interesting...

I did like the Digital Mining assignment, it was interesting what pops up as public information, yes it could be found listed in a phone book, if those are around anywhere, but FastPeopleSearch provided a listing of names that you can trace back to a history of who lived in a particular residence.  Or it can find last known addresses of persons you may be searching for.  I also liked creating infographics with Canva and I wouldn't mind investigating further into what Canva can do for school libraries or the students.  I see flyers on walls in the hallways at school, and at times, the print is small or it is hand drawn which is fabulous, but the fliers may be noticed more if students could add a touch of tech art to the invitation or event that is trying to be marketed.  Wakelet  and Padlet were time consuming, but a good potential to be another school library activity for students to complete or start within a 45 minute time period during library time.  These two tools could be a group collaborative activity encouraging students to work together, connecting through use of technology, dynamic conversations as far as what to list together, and formulate a brief annotation about each graphic, which is encouraging both the formulation of writing  and dialogue. 

  My Take-Aways...

Even though this course did not come easy to me, I am not a quitter.  I always find a way to learn something from good and challenging events.  I truly believe that some things do occur in your life to change you, enlighten you, confirm thoughts with you, or to challenge you, isn't that how we learn...by being challenged?  It may not be pleasant, it may take you out of your comfort zone, but looking ahead, for me, it is the better choice than to simply quit and stay in that comfort zone and not grow as a grad student and aspiring School Librarian.  


Works Cited:


Rahjou, A., Noruzi, A., Keramati, M. R., & Salehi, K. (2024). Engaging Students: The Power of School Libraries in the Digital Age. (English). Research on Information Science & Public Libraries30(1), 82–98.

Saturday, October 12, 2024

Artificial Intelligence

 "Is It Live or Is It Memorex?"

I keep showing my age through titles, but I just can not help it.  This heading was from a commercial back when I was a kid and it draws me to the attention that AI, artificial intelligence, is getting now.  "Is it live or is it generated?"  I know nothing of AI prior to my reading about it from the resources provided.  I have heard of it, seen or heard some news reports about it and how it may take over news anchor jobs or be available as a chat tool for libraries.  In my exploration about AI, I reviewed an article out of Britannica Education, Real or AI Quiz: Can You Tell The Difference?   I am not practicing directly with students right now, only to assist with book check-outs, renewals, or helping to find a book for a class assignment or for their own reading pleasure, but for future lesson instruction, I would use Britannica as a teachable source for a fun way to supplement learning about AI and general facts students should know and understand prior to using AI generated material.  

                                                                 Cited Image:  Creative Commons


I chose this article because I hope to work in a school library as the School Librarian and I like to supplement the students' learning with a fun and innovative format, in hopes that the instruction will be delivered in a fun, visual, interactive, non-traditional way, so that students' can take what they are learning in the classroom and practice it outside the classroom.  What attracted me to this article was the deciphering of real v. AI generated images and the author points out what makes it an AI generated image and why.  For visual learners or for both visual and reading text along with the visual aids, students are able to get a good idea or at least advanced knowledge of what kind of artifacts to look for in an image to tell if it could be real or generated.  This image is more obvious, but it is a good example of how AI operates, it takes bits of information from the web and pieces it together to appear as something a human may have searched for in the search tool bar, or not so much, AI is not perfect.

                                                             Cited Image:  Creative Commons


As an aspiring School Librarian, I could see myself creating a presentation using this site as part of a lesson instruction.  Just as School Librarians are educating students on fact-checking online news and social media information, this article provides AI generated images against the real images and presents it with the student choosing one of the images by hovering over the image and click on the one you think is the real image. Within this quiz, are other hyperlinks that students, teachers, and even parents of students could use for learning, teaching, or use as homework resources.  Multiple, fun, short  videos are available for quick tips for students as reminders on how to fact-check information, how to spot bad science reporting, and how to navigate the web efficiently.  There is also teacher resources for high quality already completed lesson planning sheets, including what standards are being used and a "Test Before You Trust" sort of check-list that reminds a student what to look for in online information to distinguish if trustworthy source or not.  

Affordances or Pros and Constraints or Challenges of Artificial Intelligence In Education

According to an article created by Walden University, 5 Pros and Cons of AI in the Education Sector, AI is utilized to create machines, systems, or software programs by performing tasks typically performed by human beings including reasoning, problem-solving, learning, perception, understanding natural language and making decisions (Walden University, date accessed 10/12/2024).  

5 Constraints to AI:


        Bias - AI is only as intelligent as it is programmed to be.  If it is programmed with bias then responses from it are going to be biased.  In education, if a biased AI tool is used for grading, students could receive lower grades based on their race or gender.

        Errors - AI may generate misinformation.  It should not be assumed that AI is accurate.  The information may be outdated, include errors, or supply misinformation.  

        Cheating -  Students may use ChatGPT to write essays, answer quiz questions, or do their homework.  Students are supposed to modify, add, or change the AI responses so to increase accuracy and to avoid plagiarism.

        Isolation - Interacting more with a software program rather than a teacher, may lead to isolation and disconnection.  

        Jobs - Some Educators are worried that AI will replace them in the workforce.
        

5 Affordances or Pros to AI:


        Assistance - Teachers can save time by using AI to assist with generating lesson plans, student project ideas, and create quizzes.

        Speed - If a student is stuck on an assignment while at home doing homework, the student can ask AI, for example, "What are the steps to solve for X in an equation?" or "What are some effective strategies to essay writing?"

        Individualization - ChatGPT can quickly and easily translate materials to another language making it easier for students who speak another language to understand the assignments better.  ChatGPT can also revise materials to suit grade levels and tailor student projects to the skills and interests of the student.

        Context - Students may ask AI Tutor, questions from characters out of a book or novel and receive not only an accurate answer but an elegant and contextual response.

        Personalization - AI may analyze student performance, recognizing where students need extra support to improve their learning experience.

My Personal Thoughts...


Even though AI has been around since the 1950's, as it was intended to be used is coming out now in 2024 with full force in the education world.  What I have read so far, AI reminds me of when I was an Infant Car Seat Certified Instructor.  I learned that car seats, that hold and protect one of our most precious human beings on the planet, were actually car accident tested post distribution to the sales floors of most baby stores.  That is why sometimes we hear of recalls or unfortunate accidents after its been on the store shelves months after production.  AI is similar in that it is taking and gathering information it's programmed to take, but I question, the outdated, biased, misinformation that could easily be missed by an uninformed or a student not doing due diligence and checking the information for accuracy.  AI is here to stay and I imagine will only improve over time.  However, I think the human brain, the world's first computer, cannot be beat.  It may come close, but will not be beat.


Works Cited:






        

  

Thursday, October 10, 2024

Digital Mining

 Can You "Dig" It?

Wow!  If I get the chance or on a winters cold day to do more digging, mining, and searching I just might.   My first thoughts prior to beginning the searches, was that I am not going to find much information let alone surprising information, which was true, however, I did find some things interesting and wondering if my marriage certificate is recorded properly.  For most of the sites, I was able to pull up my current address, past addresses, people associated with me, only once, did I find mention of my COTA license which I thought would pop up everywhere since it's very public, being a part of IDPFR (Illinois Department of Financial and Professional Regulation).  I am just curious, maybe a little concerned with why my husband's name as listed last or not at all, yet his brother, sister, and my mother-in-law were listed as associated with me, just odd.  


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I got confused with many of the sites, for example, NameChk, wanted me to redirect to a Google account while I was using Duck, Duck, Go browser, and it was not providing a search bar to type a search, it was not clear, so I left that site. BlockShopper had categorized news stories and market data for homeowners, buyers, and sellers.  When searching under "Homeowners", I thought this would be for anyone, but it is for practicing Realtors, which I am according to a couple of these sites in New York.  Spezify, searched under the browser, Google Chrome, was another site that listed many other associations with it, like LinkedIn, Facebook, AVC, Trendland, X, WA.gov, WordPress.com, Free Technology for Teachers and Crunchbase.  Didn't find anything here except 9 or 10 different Nicole Salamone's that are not me.  InstantCheckmate, also under Chrome, took a long time to "find my public information", indicating that I will be shocked to find out about my criminal history and my social media history.  I left this site due to the length of time to pull up information that it was only going to have me pay for to get the information, so I decided to move on.  

Some sites made me just wonder who is documenting the demographics and how are these sites retrieving the information, because some of it was completely wrong yet, had my correct name, age, and town I currently live in.  While using browser, Duck, Duck, Go, Radaris found me as the only "Nicole Salamone" in Elgin, Illinois.  Of the sites viewed, Radaris was the only site to list completely random people associated with me that I have never heard of before, yet my demographics, minus my phone number, was correct.

Cited Image: Author's screenshot by Radaris 

Still within Duck, Duck, Go, FamilyTreeNow, which displayed as being sponsored by BeenVerified.com, surprised me by not listing my husband at all.  It did list aside from my parents, my brother-in-law, sister-in-law, mother-in-law, and included our 4th nephew, but not the first 3 nephews at all.

                                            Cited Image:  Author's screenshot FamilyTreeNow 



Within Chrome browser, My Life is set up to check individual's reputations.  It stated that 67% of people lie about who they are online and 27% of people have been victim's of fraud or worse.  Individuals can find out what is public in your Reputation Profile and check your score based on public criminal and court records, personal reviews and more.  From what I viewed, I could not find a legend for the reputation score, but My Life scored my reputation between 3.22 - 4.63.  I just could not decipher what it means or if it's better to be on the lower end or the higher end?  Here is a screenshot of the reputation score at the bottom left :

Cited Image: Author's Screenshot within MyLife

MyLife also listed me as single, registered me as an unaffiliated / nonaffiliated voter, yet family members listed included my husband but excluded my sister-in-law.  The information must be auto-generated digitally, and that is why information is skewed from site to site.

Upon searching my name in Google, I am a Digital Designer, Artist, and Writer in Brooklyn, N.Y., 

                                  No, I am an Assistant Field Hockey Coach at Trinity College

                      Nope, I am a Consulting Manager in New York,
                  
 No, I am a Designer, Artist, and Educator based in Santa Fe, New Mexico within an independent practice,

          In my spare time, I am a #4 Defense Soccer Player,

              I am also a Commissioner of Jurors in the New York courts,

                    Finally, I am a Real Estate Agent and Realtor (?Difference) in Sewell, New Jersey.


Back under Duck, Duck, Go, the site that was most revealing of public information  was FastPeopleSearch.  It found me right away, it stated my married name, but said that I go by my maiden name as my last name.  Current and past addresses were correct, including all my residences that we have had in Illinois except one.  The fascinating thing to me with FastPeopleSearch, is that it allowed you to dig further and further into addresses seeing who lives in previous residences that you've lived in.  Individuals can then click further into the members of households of those residences.  You are able to view names and phone numbers within the address searches.  This site also provided public property records of all residences lived in.  This site as well as all sites, listed our landline phone # as our primary phone, which we haven't had for quite a number of years now, but I was ok with that.  I was able to come across, a last known address of a family member that we have lost contact with for personal reasons, but may be needed information for future or at least a good lead as a last known address.  Here is a screenshot of FastPeopleSearch:

Cited Image: Author's screenshot within FastPeopleSearch


To address the question, Is this a skill to be taught to students?  If so, how young do we start?  I do think students should be taught this skill.  I don't know what impact it would be on a younger learner since they may not see that much history.  Although, what my middle schoolers may search and find is much different from what I searched.  Aside from their school placing pictures on their Facebook page, we have been very careful about our kids being published on social media.  How young?  I have two thoughts, there may be some 8th graders that could handle this education and I wonder if it would make them think twice, when they start high school, to not do stupid because they'll realize that every choice they make could be recorded and documented somewhere for their lifetime.  On the other hand, is it wise to wait until Senior year of high school, as they turn 18 or enter college and are beginning the adulting stage?  I love the idea of having School Librarian's teach this skill.  School Librarian's could first teach the  parents so they can be educated on the same skill as their child, pre-teen, teen, or older teen.  The parents can then choose to opt out or not for their younger child or have discussions with their teen and decide if they are ready to receive that education.  The younger learner is exposed to so much already, why not teach them all they should be aware of, get them thinking of the impact of digital mining, yet, they do need the maturity to understand that impact.  
 








Wednesday, October 2, 2024

Universal Design for Learning

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Universal Design for Learning

The Infographic above is built with educational staff in mind and the 'Ease of Access' use of their lap tops, so at a glance, educators can have some idea of features that can make a lap top more accessible to all.  Working as a library para, I see many chrome books cross my desk area and many need a power wash or 'wiping out' of information.  It is then mostly that accessibility presents itself.  Larger letters on the keyboard, a cursor with a circle around it to pinpoint where the cursor is right away, 'face log in' as opposed to typing in a user name and password, text to speech or speech to text are the most prevalent that I've seen.  Universal Design for learning (UDL) is learning designed for all to use with or without disabilities.  It works so that all have the opportunity to learn.  In a 4 minute video, UDL at a Glance, four ingredients are needed to make up a UDL - Representation, Action and Expression, and Engagement (date accessed 10/1/2024).  Representation is showing the information in different ways.  Some learners need words, some learners need a visual format, be it a video, an image, or even a GIF, now AI, Artificial Intelligence is becoming a form of representation as well.  Personally, I am still not completely sold on AI, but it's use if new for me, and will need to research it a bit more before I am confident in its' use.  Action is allowing students to approach learning tasks, to understand a task and know to follow through and complete that task.  Expression is having students demonstrate what they know in different ways, just as information is presented to them in different formats, students may provide answers in the formats they are most comfortable learning.  The last ingredient that makes up a formula for a UDL, is Engagement, which is offering tasks to keep students engaged and interested in a learning activity, how to build on from one task to another and collaborate with their peers.  To summarize this recipe please be entertained by Mat Field, the emcee in the below video or if you need a different format for learning, please watch the video:  

Cited Video:  YouTube Video


Instruction Services Librarian, Catherine A. Baldwin, from the University of Pittsburgh, Bradford Campus explains in her article that UDL is globally growing an increasing interest (2021).  As communication becomes more vast and strengthens as educators become more digitally connected about best practices, research is expanding from all regions of the world.  UDL philosophy benefits all learners, as educators facilitate learning experiences through flexibility, student choice (PBL or Project Based Learning), and technology (Baldwin, 2021).  Baldwin's article provides multiple resources as suggestions to expand your research on UDL from books to journals to articles, web sites, and professional learning education communities (2021).

For the past two school years and almost a quarter into a third school year, including beginning the MLIS program, technology use has increased in my professional life as well as has crept into my personal life, especially with two middle schoolers in the house.  I have to say, however, I find doing homework at the kitchen table enjoyable with my two middle schoolers also doing their homework with a chrome book in front of them.  Topping off the scenario is my husband washing dishes in the background (Ok, I can only imagine that part) although, after begging, he has done dishes 2 times when I am desperate.   All this precepts my thoughts of where my strength is with technology,  I believe I am still at an appreciation level, I can try and do most things digital, but it is a struggle followed with hurdles to jump over every step of the way.  Technology in general, is the one area where I still have some growing to do.  I don't always want to be face down, sitting with a device looking back at me, I crave person to people contact and laughing a good belly laugh surrounded with friends.  Now that is serious friending!


Works Cited

Baldwin, C. A. (2021). Universal Design for Learning. Reference & User Services Quarterly59(3/4), 173–176. https://doi.org/10.5860/rusq.59.3/4.7716


Monday, September 30, 2024

Professional Learning Networks

Educator's Are Communicating And Collaborating More And More...



                                               Cited Image:  Creative Commons



A Professional Learning Network (PLN) is a series of connections that educators create and engage in aimed to enhance their PD or professional development (Poth, 2023), and their collaboration with other professionals in their discipline.  From the choice board, I felt choosing "Research PLN" was the perfect choice since I didn't know much about a PLN and it would be beneficial to learn more about it.  One of those elements learned was that from a study, back in 2019, educators were really just beginning to use social media as their PLN or PLC's, professional learning communities, to connect and collaborate with colleagues.  The concept of a PLN is to create and curate a web connection of an individual's professional discipline with other individuals in the same discipline to learn from each other best practices, trends, Professional Development and share successful student enhancement learning strategies.  The benefits of a PLN is that they appear to be more effective than learning at a PD Day within their school district as teacher's use social media as their first choice for advice or attempt to resolve a situation.  Professionals can grow and gain knowledge through their PLN by initiating an online relationship with peers, staying engaged in conversations to learn for yourself, learn from others, and to teach others what they have learned, attempted, and successfully or unsuccessfully achieved,  even if the professional chooses to "lurk" or just read / watch other individuals conversations, an individual may learn from observing, but it is most beneficial to interact when you can.   

Through building a network, it is suggested professionals need to create their hype by pushing their own boundaries, making effective interactions within their PLN, and developing a variety of peer relationships to maximize the use of a PLN, be it a learning network through an organization or some type of social media (Poth, 2023, Wong, 2017, Perez, 2012, Hurt, 2021, and Prestidge et al, 2019).  This blog will also have the input of management tips for an effective PLN from a Network Library Coordinator for Chicago Public Schools, Dept. of Libraries. 

In addition to PD enhancement, PLN's also provide a larger network base of other educators across the world, it is an online space that Educators can exchange ideas, collaborate, and share resources, engage in meaningful discussions about teaching practices and discuss the latest trends in education.  Poth (2023) also states the outcome of PLNs may broaden horizons, push professionals beyond their comfort zone and foster continuous learning.  Poth went on to explain that after a year communicating on Twitter and LinkedIn with other professionals, conferences would come up and meeting other professionals there led to bigger networks and more ongoing collaborations (2023).  Places to look for PLNs include National and International Educator Organizations, (~100 sources), State Educator Organizations, and social media networks as in Facebook, LinkedIn, X, and Edmodo.   

What Would Your Hype Include?


The next article,#CreateYourHype, (2017), by author Tracey Wong, I loved the title of this article, and I love the message that it gives as well - Libraries need to "CreateTheirHype" and build their own brand, because communities look to their local Library for technology advances and uses to improve learning outcomes.  It has been through blogging, skyping with experts around the globe, participating in twitter edchats, Edmodo to collect and manage student data, and promoting via live stream to stakeholders, parents, and community to keep them in the loop of advances and technology.  Wong also pushes to advocate for Teacher Librarians to expand their expertise and become more effective leaders by joining a good Listserv (2017) and belong to a professional library organization and be a part of a PLN.  Libraries need to keep their leadership role to help transform learning communities worldwide (Wong, 2017) and two ways to achieve that on a world wide basis is a Listserv or being a part of a professional learning network.

Some tip advice from Lisa Perez, Network Library Coordinator for Chicago Public Schools, Department of Libraries is for Teacher Librarians or Librarians, is to join professional groups within Facebook, Google+, Edmodo (password protected), and specialty sites such as, Diigo (bookmark sharing), Goodreads, Shelfari, LibraryThing (book information sharing), Slideshare (presentations), and scribd (documents) for another route of professional learning networking within librarianship (2012). Perez also shares management tips of a professional learning network:

 - Manage PLN actively - regularly add new people to your network that inspire you
 - Flesh out your profile - others can get to know you more professionally
 - Don't try to read everything - read only 5-10 minutes daily
 - Separate your private and personal life - decide who you want to see and what
 - Don't lurk, give back to others - PLNs only work when everyone contributes wisdom
 - Post comments that are professional - comments should reflect your school district or employer
 - Use mobile devices - provides greater access
 - Use aggregators to post and monitor multiple accounts
 - Review your district policy in friending students - if you create a presence for your school library in         Facebook or X (twitter), making it a one-way to share information may be an option (Perez, 2012).


Love At First Blog?


I came across a blog, by Karin Hurt and David Dye, (Sept. 6, 2021) that has a really neat story to it.  In this particular instance, blogging professionally is how they initially met which ultimately led to their next career adventure and then marriage.  In this blog, Hurt explains it is of vital importance to have at least 4 peer relationships within your PLN network community:

     ENCOURAGER - Picks you up when you're feeling down

     CHALLENGER -  Asks you tough and courageous questions that make you think; is honest

     ADVOCATE - Brings up your name as the person for the job; also, you need to reciprocate and be                                  an advocate for others which is the best way to attract more advocates

     TECH ADVISOR - Always good to have someone with an excellent technology knowledge                                                     awareness base to work out tech issues or obstacles

The last article was a study taken part by three authors in three regions across the world, Queensland-Australia, Flemish-Belgium, and Indiana-United States of America, 2019.  They interviewed 15 ICT-expert teachers in a semi-structured format, asking a question, "How do teachers use social media in their curriculum design?"  All 15 teachers stated they use social media as the primary form of professional learning :
        
         #1 is Twitter - their "Go to" medium
         #2 is Facebook
         #3 is YouTube clips
         #4 is Pinterest
         #5 is Reading blogs, articles, readings
         #6 is Subscribing to new feeds

Online PLNs are created mostly through education based blogs, wiki's, podcasts, social media sites like Edmodo, Twitter, Facebook, and virtual conferencing tools to talk in real time.  Some are public and some are private requiring acceptance into the private space.  Distributive Learning, according to the authors, Prestidge et al, 2019, occurs when network practices are collaborative, exploratory, and proactive, what was observed in this study was that less experienced teachers, based on responses of the 15 ICT expert teachers, preferred taking a passive role benefitting from conversations shared by others and their shared materials but rarely expressing their own opinion.  Prestidge et al states that collaboration is made possible by four ingredients:
               
         1)  Solicitation - Seek assistance to request help & receive recommendations

         2)  Clarification - Identifying and stating areas of advice and encouragement about curriculum                                              content and debate around curriculum development

         3)  Discussions - To enhance student learning and to share teaching practices

         4)  Affiliations - In online communities of practice, reciprocate and provide own wisdom /                                                  experiences (Veletsianos, 2011 within Prestidge et al, 2019).

Therefore, in conclusion of this study, more experienced teachers use their PLN through social media as a first source for ideas / resources, the generating of collective ideas and collaborative corroborations and it is most beneficial for individuals, peer professionals, and ultimately the students to provide experiences, successful or not, all may benefit from the shared information.

In conclusion, for best use and practice of initiating and partaking in a PLN, is to find a professional based PLN, that you feel comfortable contributing to, and provide your own wisdom and practices that have worked in the past or break out into brain-storming for new ideas that may work in a given situation.  It is helpful to also know what not to do ahead of time or if a similar situation would present itself for another peer professional, preventing the mistake from happening again somewhere else.    


                                                                       Cited Image :  Canva
                                                   

Works Cited

Hurt, Karin. September 21, 2024. “How to Build a Better Network of Peer Relationships”. Let’sGrowLeaders. Accessed on September 28, 2024. https://letsgrowleaders.com/2021/09/06/how-to-build-a-better-network-of-peer-relationships/?utm_source=feedly

 

Management Tips. Knowledge Quest. 2012;40(3):22. Accessed September 28, 2024. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=shib&db=lls&AN=82563982&authtype=sso&custid=s8366013&site=ehost-live&scope=site   

 

Poth, Rachelle D. July 28, 2023. “Building Your Professional Learning Network.” Edutopia. Date accessed September 28, 2024. https://www.edutopia.org/article/professional-learning-networks-teachers/

 

Prestridge, S., Tondeur, J., & Ottenbreit-Leftwich, A. T. (2019). Insights from ICT-expert teachers about the design of educational practice: the learning opportunities of social media. Technology, Pedagogy & Education28(2), 157–172. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2019.1578685

 

Veletsianos, G. (2011). Higher education scholars’ participation and practices on Twitter. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 449, 336-349.

 

Wong T. #Create YourHype. Teacher Librarian. 2017;45(1):36-39. Accessed September 28, 2024. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=shib&db=lls&AN=126080404&authtype=sso&custid=s8366013&site=ehost-live&scope=site    











Wednesday, September 25, 2024

Copyright and Fair Use

Hey, Educators, Do You Know Your CopyRights from Wrongs?


Copyright and Fair Use of printed or digital information can be complex, but with the right reference sources, basic education, and Fair Use checklists, the utilization of a work may be narrowed down and determined accurately with confidence.  Researching and reading more into 'Copyright and Fair Use' information, feels like sitting in a courtroom as a juror.  I am just provided the facts from 2 different perspectives, but there is only one outcome, which ought to lead to justice.  Individuals may have their own justification on citation of works, but in actuality, there is a correct process to cite a work.  Prior to researching into copyright and fair use information, as long as the work, image, quote, or printed material being used for any assignment, was referenced within text and cited at the end of a document, that was good enough for me.  

Ha!  Let's Begin with the Definitions...


A basic definition out of the dictionary, as stated by J.D. Graveline within an article from College and Undergraduate Libraries (2010), copyright protection gives creators "the protection of the works of artists and authors giving them the exclusive rights to publish their work or determine who may so publish".  As with many other policies, events occur and force change to existing policies.  Therefore in legal terms, copyright protection begins at the moment the "original work of authorship is fixed on any tangible medium of expression," Graveline (p2), examples to explain further, include when a work is put into some permanent form, written on paper, saved as a computer file, or even painted on canvas.  
                                                                             

However !  There are EXCEPTIONS to Every Rule!

Have you met Fair Use?  Fair Use is the ability to use a reasonable portion of a copyrighted work without the copyholder's permission under certain circumstances (Graveline, p. 2).  If you find yourself in question of determining if a document or material falls within fair use, balance out these four factors:

        1.  the purpose of use is for commercial nature or non-profit educational purpose

        2.  nature of the copyrighted work

        3.  the amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to copyrighted material as a 
             whole

        4.  the effect of the use of the potential market for or value of copyrighted work 

                

                                                                        Image Source:  Giphy
Factors to consider:How this affects use:
1The purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposesUses in nonprofit educational institutions are more likely to be fair use than works used for commercial purposes, but not all educational uses are fair use
2The nature of the copyrighted workReproducing a factual work is more likely to be fair use than a creative, artistic work such as a musical composition
3The amount and significance of the portion used in relation to the entire workReproducing smaller portions of a work is more likely to be fair use than larger portions
4The effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted workUses which have no or little market impact on the copyrighted work are more likely to be fair than those that interfere with potential markets
   Image source :  University of California

Section 107 of the Copyright Act of 1976 was based on a history of judicial decisions that the American Library Association (2024), recognized unauthorized infringements of copyright were determined "fair uses".  Hence, the Fair Use Act was created with its four factors of use determination.  TEACH Act of 2002 addresses the growth of online learning in the same way as face-to-face teaching instruction allowing educators to use copyright material for distance learning without obtaining permission from the copyright holder (Schlipp, 2008).   

                        Image Source:  Google Images clip art 
Lagola, wrote in "A Teacher's Guide to Copyright and Fair Use" (2021), just because you are awesome educators does not blanket protect you from using copyright material, education on copyright and fair use is so important to:

        1.  Avoid your school district receiving fines for citation violations            
                                                                                   Image Source:  Google images clip art
        2.  Model proper use to other educators, students, and all staff 
                                                                        
                                                   Image Source:  Google Image clip art


Quick tips to protect yourself from copyright infringement for Educators (Edutopia, 2021) :

Limit Exposure - use a LMS (learning management system) to share published material

Use Google Tools setting - filters images safe for use

Install browser extensions - install add-ons from Flaticon's icons so can easily search and insert images

Project Gutenberg - get familiar with an online library of over 70,000 free e-books, copyrights expired

Bookmark CC sites - invaluable for finding content you can use legally

Wikipedia - site is subject to hacks (both malicious and comical) and the information needs to be            verified with other sources

Free audiobooks - Go to Bookriot.com for a detailed look at free audiobook websites

Resources from government sites - usually is all fair use information

No matter what - do not make or distribute copies of entire books, workbooks, study guides, practice      books, or an entire page from a text book; purchase enough copies for each student or obtain permission from the owner to make copies              

Avoid copying and distributing "creative material" - novels, plays, movies, and poems are likely to be exempt from Fair Use

Use published sources - NEVER copy and distribute unpublished material

When in doubt - reach out - if a publication is an out-of-print book, reach out to the publishing company and ask permission to make copies

Plan ahead - Don't wait until last minute and use something in haste


So how does one get permission?

There may be a form to fill out or submit, very similar to the one used at University of California in this example.  You may refer to the following Infographic for Copyright & Fair Use Tips all in one spot:

                                                     
                                               
                                           Source Image:  Salamone, Nicole. "Copyright & Fair Use". September, 25,2024
                                                                                                   
                                                            

Works Cited





Graveline, J. D. (2010). Debunking Common Misconceptions and Myths. College & Undergraduate Libraries17(1), 100–105. https://doi.org/10.1080/10691310903584650

Lagola, Karen. March 22, 2021. "A Teacher's Guide To Copyright and Fair Use:  There are rules when it comes to copyrighted material in the classroom--and easy ways to make sure you are always in the clear." Edutopiahttps://www.edutopia.org/article/teachers-guide-copyright-and-fair-use/ 

Schlipp, J. (2008). Coaching Teaching Faculty: Copyright Awareness Programs in Academic Libraries. Kentucky Libraries72(3), 18–22.


Thursday, September 19, 2024

Active Learning Strategies

 Let's go to the Movies!

Imagine, no longer is it enter the classroom, sit in your same seat for the next 1-2 hours, give or take some minutes, take notation after listening to a lecture and maybe participate, maybe not.  Today's classrooms are moving into 21st century pedagogy in which an unused approach called Active Learning.   Active learning is student-centered, the educator acts as a guide or facilitator to classroom activity or project lessons.  One sort of learning strategy is called Artistic Pedagogical Technologies or APT.  This is a global term for using creative instructional technology, for example, visual films, drama, and music to enhance learning (Janzen et al, 2017).


         
Classroom management
                                           Image Source:  Learning in Room 213, 2021



Teaching approaches that range from short, simple journal writing, problem-solving and paired discussions to longer, involved activities or pedagogical frameworks like case studies, role play, and structured team-based learning (University of Minnesota, access date 9/18/24), are moving into the 21st Century pedagogy classrooms.  A class that has successful active learning methods, provides an opportunity for all students to positively engage in the course instruction and practice skills for learning, applying, synthesizing, or summarizing new material.  Other names under the APT umbrella term may be Activity-based learning, (ABL), Project-based Learning (PBL) or Movie-based learning (MBL) as just one of the many approaches to practice this way of teaching and learning.  MBT or movie-based learning, uses imagination and film, this combination fosters the development of critical thinking, diverse new ideas and social justice (Cromarty et al, 2017).



                                                               Source Image: YouTube

Movie-based Learning supports active learning by performing as a highly student-directed or centered environment.  The students primarily work in groups or may be paired to complete an assignment.  MBL inspires students to self-identify with characters and events making learning culturally relevant and meaningful, they develop a more profound concept of self, increased understanding of classmates perspectives, more empathy about human differences, build a respect for alternative ideas and issues of social justice (Cromarty et al, 2022).  A couple examples of activities to do post viewing a carefully chosen movie, as described by RedClay, et al, may include:

Mock Interviews:

Students can work together in groups of two to write and perform a mock interview in which one plays a character in the film and the other takes on the role of the interviewer. The answers should reveal the values of the character.

Debates:

Many films offer controversial social or political ideas which can easily become the topic of vigorous debate. Students can be divided into teams to support or oppose an idea presented by the film.

The Great Divide Separate the class into two groups representing sides taken on a particular issue. Students in support of the point should sit together facing those opposed to the point. Students should use the rules of Accountable Talk to argue their positions. Accountable Talk requires that students listen carefully and adhere to a code for responses to one another’s words. Each respondent must begin his or her point with phrases such as:

I hear what you are saying, but . . .
Your point is good; however, I want to say . . .
I’m unclear about what you mean . . .
Granted, your point has validity; however, consider . . .
I understand what you are saying; however, the facts are . . .

Students may not resort to name calling or any other insults and must back up their points with reference to the work being discussed. When students hear points that cause them to change their minds, they must get up and take a seat on the other side. Often, an entire class will become convinced of one position and all seats will be moved to one side of the room.  (RedClay and Frieden, date accessed September 16, 2024).

According to Vygotsky, a Russian psychologist who studied and believed that cognitive development is influenced by cultural and social factors (simplypsychology.org).  To Vygotsky, imagination gradually through learning experiences, as a child gains new cultural tools, which turns into adolescent imagination and eventually into the productivity of adult imagination (Cromarty, 2022).  Kushnir (2022) and Seligman et al (2013) proclaim that imagination is transformative because it generates new ideas from old knowledge and assists in seeing new possibilities.

I love movies, next best thing to a good book.  I have often thought how powerful and impactful some movies can be to people.  Some movies may even drive individuals to make a life decision-making change.  As an aspiring Librarian, MBL could be utilized as a lesson, from book to movie to real-life classroom conversations and learning.  Kotyan (2020) summarizes  movie-based learning with this quote:


"Tell me and I forget, teach me and I may remember, involve me and I learn." ~ Benjamin Franklin.


You may also, "Stay Gold, Johnny." ~ Ponyboy Curtis


                               

          

                  Image Source:  Barnes & Noble


 Works Cited


Cromarty, E. (2017). An educational historical narrative study of visualization in the progressive art pedagogy of Lowenfeld (Publication No. 10633803) [Doctoral dissertation, Northeastern University]. ProQuest. 

Cromarty, E., Young, M. A., & Elias, S. (2022). Teaching and designing culturally responsive experiences using cross-media film in higher education. Journal for Research Initiatives, 6(3). Fayetteville State University (UNCFSU), (Original publication in The Interdisciplinary Journal of Advances in Research in Education (IJARE), 4(2), 1–13. The Ohio State University) https://digitalcommons.uncfsu.edu/jri/

Janzen, K. J., Perry, B., & Edwards, M. (2017). Building blocks: Enmeshing technology and creativity with artistic pedagogical technologies. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 18(1), 4-21. ISSN: 1302-6488

Kotyan, Hithakshi. March 7, 2020.  "The 'One' Method to Attract Learners in the Classroom."  eLearning Industry.  https://elearningindustry.com/movie-based-learning-engage-employees 

RedClay, Mary and Frieden, James.  "Teach With Movies, Lights.  Camera.  Learn!"  Teachwithmovies.org . Date accessed September 16, 2024.  https://teachwithmovies.org/assignments-projects-and-activities-for-use-with-any-film-that-is-a-work-of-fiction/#


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